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Neurobiology of anxiety disorders
Fišerová, Lucia ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on neurobiology of anxiety and is supported by corresponding literature search. In the thesis individual anxiety disorders are described together with selected risk factors important for the development of this disease. It also deals with biological hypotheses involving various changes in neurotransmitter systems and the influence of stress. Furthermore, it deals with fear conditioning, extinction of fear response and overgeneralization, all of which are forms of fear learning. Amygdala represents an important brain center of anxiety, consequently a description of its funcion along with amygdallar circuits are included in this thesis and different functions of other brain parts are described as well. Moreover, this thesis is concerned with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the influence of individual hormones on anxiety. Lastly, the role of the neuropeptide oxytocin and current studies regarding possibility of its use in therapy are presented. Key words: amygdala, anxiety disorders, corticotrophin releasing hormone, fear, circuits of anxiety and fear, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, oxytocin, stress
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Effect of early stress on neuroendocrine regulation, behavior and immnunity
Langová, Veronika ; Vodička, Martin (advisor) ; Buchtová, Helena (referee)
Levels of initial hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginin-vasopressin, can be altered in adulthood with a context of early-life stress. The effect can be stronger after an acute stress. Some authors suggest that higher levels can be caused by hypomethylation of that genes promotors. High level of default hormones often results in high concentration of corticosterone. Higher concentration of corticosterone in blood can also be supported by a lower level of transcortine, which has been observed in adulthood after a prenatal malnutrition. Locally in tisues is the concentration of corticosterone regulated by 2 types of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Hyperreactivity of HPA axis can cause an anxiety-like behavior. Anxiety-like behavior is regulated by binding CRH to its receptors. Mice with knockouted gene of the first type receptor (CRHR1) shows generally less anxiety-like behavior. Conversely, some author say that binding CRH to its second type receptor (CRHR2) can inhibit an anxiety-like behavior. Prenatally stressed males show increased expression of CRHR1, prenatally stressed females show reduced expression of CRHR2. Early- life stressed animals also shows a depression-like behavior. It can be related to the presence of some pro-...
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The influence of corticosterone and corticoliberin on damage of the hippocampus and their relation to cognition
Řezáčová, Lenka ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Mejsnar, Jiří (referee) ; Šusta, Marek (referee)
Dissertation "The influence of corticosterone and corticoliberin on damage of the hippocampus and their relation to cognition" deals with the cognitive, behavioral and histological changes in experimental rat strain long-evans that closer describe the consequences of long-term continuous application of corticoliberin and/or corticosterone. Testing of the behavioral changes was divided into two phases. The first one - within three or fourweeks respectively administration of these hormones, therefore until their early effects - and the second phase - after four weeks of completion of the first phase at the time of the possible late effects. In the twelfth week the experimental animals were killed and in the group which had exogenously elevated corticosterone, the morphological changes in the hippocampus were monitored and measured. In all experimental groups alteration of behavior was observed. Histological and morphological changes in the brain we have found. Layout of experiments in two testing phases allowed differentiation of the early changes and the late and persistent changes. The arrangement of experiments allowed the choice of tests to compare not only individual effects of both hormones (corticoliberin and corticosterone) but also their coactioning and biological responses to them. Using a wider...
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